Xinping Hu

Refereed Journal Publications (Underlined denotes mentee author)

Dias, L.M., Liu, H, and Hu, X. 2025. Spatial and seasonal variability of CO2 flux and carbonate chemistry in a subtropical estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 316, 109197      

Ou, Y., Xue, Z., and Hu, X. 2025. A numerical assessment of ocean alkalinity enhancement efficiency on a river-dominated continental shelf – a case study in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Environmental Research Letters, 20, 024031  

Yin, H., Jin, L., and Hu, X. 2024. Interpreting biogeochemical processes through the relationship of total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon: theoretical basis and limitations. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 22, 311-320. doi:10.1002/lom3.10608

Yin, H., Hu, X., and Dias L.M. 2023. Sulfate enrichment in estuaries of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico: the potential effect of sulfide oxidation on carbonate chemistry under a changing climate. Limnology and Oceanography Letters, 8, 742-750.

Johnston, M.A., Studivan, M.S., Enochs, I.C., Correa, A.M.S., Besemer, N., Eckert, R.J., Edwards, K., Hannum, R., Hu, X., Nuttall, M., O'Connell, K., Palacio-Castro, A.M., Schmahl, G.P., Sturm, A.S., Ushijima, B. and Voss, J.D., 2023. Coral disease outbreak at the remote Flower Garden Banks, Gulf of Mexico. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10, 1111749. doi:10.3389/fmars.2023.1111749.

Dias, L.M., Hu, X., and Yin, H. 2023. A biogeochemical alkalinity sink in a shallow, semiarid estuary of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Aquatic Geochemsitry, 29, 49-71.

Hu, X., Yao, H., McCutcheon, M.R., Dias, L., Staryk, C.J., Wetz, M.S., and Montagna, P.A. 2022. Aragonite saturation state in estuaries along a climate gradient in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Frontiers in Environmental Science,10, 951256. doi:10.3389/fenvs.2022.951256.

Osborne, E., Hu, X., Hall, E.R., Yates, K., Vreeland-Dawson, J., Shamberger, K., Barbero, L., Hernandez-Ayon, J.M., Gomez1, F.A., Hicks, T., Xu, Y.-Y., McCutcheon, M.R., Acquafredda, M., Chapa-Balcorta, C., Norzagaray, O., Pierrot, D., Munoz-Caravaca, A., Dobson, K.L., Williams, N., Rabalais, N.N., and Dash, P. 2022. Ocean acidification in the Gulf of Mexico: drivers, impacts, and unknowns. Progress in Oceanography, 209, 102882.

Yao, H., Montagna, P.A., Wetz, M.S, Staryk, C.J. and Hu, X., 2022. Subtropical estuarine carbon budget under various hydrologic extremes and implications on the lateral carbon exchange from tidal wetlands. Water Research, 27, 118436. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2022.118436. (NACP June 2022 Science Highlight)

McCutcheon, M.R. and Hu, X., 2022. Long-term trends in estuarine carbonate chemistry in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, 793065. doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.793065.

Jiang, L.-Q. and 39 coauthors, 2022. Best practice data standards for discrete chemical oceanographic observations. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 705638, doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.705638

Huang, I.S., Hu, X., Abdulla, H. and Zimba, P.V., 2021. Effects of climate change on metabolite accumulation in freshwater and marine cyanobacteria. Climate Change Ecology, 2, 100018.

Rosenau, N.A., Galavotti, H., Yates, K.K., Bohlen, C.C., Hunt, C.W., Liebman, M., Brown, C.A., Pacella, S.R., Largier, J.L., Nielsen, K.J., Hu, X., McCutcheon, M.R., Vasslides, J.M., Poach, M., Ford, T., Johnston, K. and Steele, A., 2021. Integrating High-Resolution Coastal Acidification Monitoring Data Across Seven United States Estuaries. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 679913, doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.679913.

McCutcheon, M.R., Yao, H., Staryk, C.J. and Hu, X., 2021. Temporal variability and driving factors of the carbonate system in the Aransas Ship Channel, TX: A time-series study. Biogeosciences, 18, 4571-4586.     

Huang, W.-J., Cai, W.-J. and Hu, X., 2021. Seasonal Mixing and Biological Controls of the Carbonate System in a River-Dominated Continental Shelf Subject to Eutrophication and Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 621243, doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.621243.

Hu, X., Yao, H., Staryk, C.J., McCutcheon, M.R., Wetz, M.S. and Walker, L., 2021. Corrigendum: Disparate responses of carbonate system in two adjacent subtropical estuaries to the influence of Hurricane Harvey - A case study. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 647961, doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.647961.

Walker, L.M. Montagna, P.A., Hu, X. and Wetz, M.S., 2021.Timescales and Magnitude of Water Quality Change in Three Texas Estuaries Induced by Passage of Hurricane Harvey. Estuaries and Coasts, 44, 960-971.

Hu, X., 2020. Effect of organic alkalinity on seawater buffer capacity - A numerical exploration. Aquatic Geochemistry, 26, 161-178. (OCB August 2020 Science Highlight)

Hu, X., Yao, H., Staryk, C.J., McCutcheon, M.R., Wetz, M.S. and Walker, L. 2020. Disparate responses of carbonate system in two adjacent subtropical estuaries to the influence of Hurricane Harvey - A case study. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 26, doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00026.

Patrick, C.J., Yeager, L., Armitage, A.R., Carvallo, F., Congdon, V.M., Dunton, K.H., Fisher, M., Hardison, A.K., Hogan, J.D., Hosen, J., Hu, X., Kiel Reese, B., Kinard, S., Kominoski, J.S., Lin, X., Liu, Z., Montagna, P.A., Pennings, S.C., Walker, L., Weaver, C.A. and Wetz, M.S., 2020. A system level analysis of coastal ecosystem responses to hurricane impacts. Estuaries and Coasts, 43, 943-959.

Wang, H., Hu, X., Wetz, M.S., Hayes, K.C. and Lu, K., 2020. Photochemical degradation of organic carbon in a eutrophic, semiarid estuary. Limnology and Oceanography Letters, 5 246-253.

Yao, H., McCutcheon, M.R., Staryk, C.J. and Hu, X., 2020. Hydrologic controls on CO2 chemistry and flux in subtropical lagoonal estuaries of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Limnology and Oceanography, 65, 1380-1398.

McCutcheon, M.R., Staryk, C.J. and Hu, X., 2019. Characteristics of the carbonate system in a semi-arid estuary that experiences summertime hypoxia. Estuaries and Coasts, 42, 1509-1523.

Fennel, K., Alin, S., Barbero, L., Evans, W., Bourgeois, T., Cooley, S., Dunne, J., Feely, R.A., Hernandez-Ayon, J.M., Hu, X., Lohrenz, S., Muller-Karger, F., Najjar, R., Robbins, L., Shadwick, E., Siedlecki, S., Steiner, N., Sutton, A., Turk, D., Vlahos, P. and Wang, Z.A., 2019. Carbon cycling in the North American coastal ocean: A synthesis. Biogeosciences, 16, 1281-1304.

Turk, D., Wang, H., Hu, X., Gledhill, D.K., Wang, Z.A., Jiang, L. and Cai, W.-J., 2019. Time of emergence of surface ocean carbon dioxide trends in the North American coastal margins in support of ocean acidification observing system design. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 91. doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00091.

Wang, H., Hu, X., Wetz, M.S. and Hayes, K.C., 2018. Oxygen consumption and respired organic matter in two eutrophic subtropical coastal embayments. Environmental Science & Technology, 52, 13004-13014.

Wang, H., Hu, X., Rabalais, N.N. and Brandes, J., 2018. Drivers of oxygen consumption in the northern Gulf of Mexico hypoxic waters - A stable carbon isotope perspective. Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 10528-10538.

Spalt, N., Murgulet, D. and Hu, X., 2018. Relating estuarine geology to groundwater discharge at an oyster reef in Copano Bay, TX. Journal of Hydrology, 564, 785-801.

Hu, X., Nuttall, M.F., Wang, H., Yao, H., Staryk, C.J., McCutcheon, M.R., Eckert, R.J., Embesi, J.A., Johnston, M.A., Hickerson, E.L., Schmahl, G.P., Manzello, D., Enochs, I.C., DiMarco, S. and Barbero, L., 2018. Seasonal variability of carbonate chemistry and decadal changes in waters of a marine sanctuary in the Gulf of Mexico. Marine Chemistry, 205, 16-28.

Scherer, A.E., Bird, C.E., McCutcheon, M.R., Hu, X. and Smee, D.L., 2018. Two-tiered defense strategy may compensate for predator avoidance costs of an ecosystem engineer. Marine Biology, 165, 131.

Montagna, P.A., Hu, X., Palmer, T.A. and Wetz, M.S., 2018. Effect of hydrological variability on the biogeochemistry of estuaries across a regional climatic gradient. Limnology and Oceanography, 63 2465-2478.

Murgulet, D., Trevino, M., Douglas, A., Spalt, N., Hu, X. and Murgulet, V., 2018. Temporal and spatial fluctuations of groundwater-derived alkalinity fluxes to a subtropical coastal embayment. Science of the Total Environment, 630, 1343-1359.

Najjar, R.G., Herrmann, M., Alexander, R., Boyer, E.W., Burdige, D., Butman, D., Cai, W.J., Canuel, E.A., Chen, R.F., Friedrichs, M.A.M., Feagin, R.A., Griffith, P., Hinson, A.L., Holmquist, J.R., Hu, X., Kemp, W.M., Kroeger, K.D., Mannino, A., McCallister, S.L., McGillis, W.R., Mulholland, M.R., Pilskaln, C., Salisbury, J., Signorini, S., St-Laurent, P., Tian, H., Tzortziou, M., Vlahos, P., Wang, Z.A. and Zimmerman, R.C., 2018. Carbon budget of tidal wetlands, estuaries, and shelf waters of Eastern North America. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 32, 389-416.

Laruelle, G.G., Cai, W.-J., Hu, X., Gruber, N., Mackenzie, F.T. and Regnier, P., 2018. Continental shelves as a variable but increasing global sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide. Nature Communications, 9, 454.

Yao, H. and Hu, X., 2017. Responses of carbonate system and CO2 flux to extended drought and intense flooding in a semiarid subtropical estuary. Limnology and Oceanography 62, S112-S130. (Special Issue on Headwaters to oceans: Ecological and biogeochemical contrasts across the aquatic continuum).

Wang, H., Hu, X., Cai, W.-J. and Sterba-Boatwright, B., 2017. Decadal fCO2 trends in global ocean margins and adjacent boundary current-influenced areas. Geophysical Research Letters, 44, 8962-8970.

Reimer, J.J., Cai, W.-J., Xue, L., Vargas, R., Noakes, S., Hu, X., Signorini, S.R., Mathis, J.T., Feely, R.A., Sutton, A.J., Sabine, C., Musielewicz, S., Chen, B. and Wanninkhof, R., 2017. Time series pCO2 at a coastal mooring: internal consistency, seasonal cycles, and interannual variability. Continental Shelf Research, 145, 95-108.

Hu, X., Li, Q., Huang, W.-J., Chen, B., Cai, W.-J., Rabalais, N.N. and Turner, R.E., 2017. Effects of eutrophication and benthic respiration on water column carbonate chemistry in a traditional hypoxic zone in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Marine Chemistry, 190, 33-42.

Schoepf, V.*, Hu, X.*, Holcomb, M., Cai, W.-J., Li, Q., Wang, Y., Xu, H., Warner, M.E., Melman, T.F., Hoadley, K.D., Pettay, D.T., Matsui, Y., Baumann, J.H. and Grottoli, A.G., 2017. Coral calcification under environmental change: A direct comparison of the alkalinity anomaly and buoyant weight technique. Coral Reefs, 36, 13-25 (* equal contribution).

Wang, H., Hu, X. and Sterba-Boatwright, B., 2016. A new statistical approach for interpreting oceanic fCO2 data.Marine Chemistry, 183, 41-49.

Hu, X., Cai, W.-J., Rabalais, N.N. and Xue, J., 2016. Coupled oxygen and dissolved inorganic carbon dynamics in coastal ocean and its use as a potential indicator for detecting water column oil degradation. Deep-Sea ResearchPart II, 129, 311-318. (The Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem - before, during and after the Macondo Blowout Special Issue).

Cai, W.-J., Ma, Y., Hopkinson, B.M., Grottoli, A.G., Warner, M.E., Ding, Q., Hu, X., Yuan, X., Schoepf, V., Xu, H., Han, C., Melman, T.F., Hoadley, K.D., Pettay, D.T., Matsui, Y., Baumann, J.H., Levas, S., Ying, Y. and Wang, Y., 2016. Microelectrode characterization of coral daytime interior pH and carbonate chemistry. Nature Communications, 7,11144 doi:10.1038/ncomms11144.

Xue, L., Cai, W.-J., Hu, X., Sabine, C., Jones, S., Sutton, A.J., Jiang, L.-Q. and Reimer, J.J., 2016. Sea surface carbon dioxide at the Georgia time series site (2006-2007): air-sea flux and controlling processes. Progress in Oceanography, 140, 14-26.

Xue, J., Cai, W.-J., Hu, X., Huang, W.-J., Lohrenz, S.E. and Gundersen, K., 2015. Temporal variation and stoichiometric ratios of organic matter remineralization in bottom waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico during late spring and summer. Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans, 120, 8304-8326.

Hoadley, K.D., Pettay, D.T., Grottoli, A.G., Cai, W.-J., Melman, T.F., Schoepf, V., Hu, X., Li, Q., Xu, H., Wang, Y., Matsui, Y., Baumann, J.H. and Warner, M.E., 2015. Physiological response to elevated temperature and pCO2 varies across four Pacific coral species: Understanding the unique host+symbiont response. Scientific Reports, 5, 18371.

Huang, W.J., Cai, W.J., Wang, Y., Hu, X., Chen, B., Lohrenz, S.E., Chakraborty, S., He, R., Brandes, J. and Hopkinson, C.S., 2015. The response of inorganic carbon distributions and dynamics to upwelling favorable winds on the northern Gulf of Mexico during summer. Continental Shelf Research, 111, Part B 211-222.

Hu, X., Beseres Pollack, J., McCutcheon, M.R., Montagna, P.A. and Ouyang, Z., 2015. Long-term alkalinity decrease and acidification of estuaries in Northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Environmental Science & Technology, 49, 3401-3409.

Levas, S., Grottoli, A.G., Warner, M.E., Cai, W.J., Bauer, J., Schoepf, V., Baumann, J.H., Matsui, Y., Gearing, C., Melman, T.F., Hoadley, K.D., Pettay, D.T., Hu, X., Li, Q., Xu, H. and Wang, Y., 2015. Organic carbon fluxes mediated by corals at elevated pCO2 and temperature. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 519, 153-164.

Rabalais, N.N., Cai, W.-J., Carstensen, J., Conley, D.J., Fry, B., Hu, X., Quiñones-Rivera, Z., Rosenberg, R., Slomp, C.P., Turner, R.E., Voss, M., Wissel, B. and Zhang., J., 2014. Eutrohpication-driven deoxygenation in the coastal ocean. Oceanography, 27, 172-183.

Hu., X and Cai, W.-J., 2013. Estuarine acidification and minimum buffer zone - a conceptual study. Geophysical Research Letters, 40, 5176-5181.

Schoepf, V., Grottoli, A.G., Warner, M.E., Cai, W.-J., Melman, T.F., Hoadley, K.D., Pettay, D.T., Hu, X., Li, Q., Xu, H., Wang, Y., Matsui, Y. and Baumann, J.H., 2013. Coral energy reserves and calcification in a high-CO2 world at two temperatures. PLoS ONE, 8, e75049. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075049.

Wang, Z.A., Wanninkhof, R., Cai, W.-J., Byrne, R.H., Hu, X., Peng, T.-H. and Huang, W.-J., 2013. The marine inorganic carbon system along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coasts of the United States: Insights from a transregional coastal carbon study. Limnology and Oceanography, 58, 325-342.

Hopkinson, C.S., Cai, W.-J. and Hu, X., 2012. Carbon sequestration in wetland dominated coastal systems — a global sink of rapidly diminishing magnitude. Current Opinion on Environmental Sustainability, 4, 186-194.

Powell, E.N.*, Hu, X.*, Cai, W.-J., Ashton-Alcox, K.A., Parsons-Hubbard, K.M. and Walker, S.E., 2012. Geochemical controls on carbonate shell taphonomy in the northern Gulf of Mexico sediments. Palaios, 27, 571-587 (* equal contribution)

Hu, X., Burdige, D.J. and Zimmerman, R.C., 2012. δ13C of seagrass is a signature of light availability and photosynthesis. Limnology and Oceanography, 57, 441-448.

Hu. X and Cai, W.-J., 2011. The impact of denitrification on the atmospheric CO2 uptake potential of seawater. Marine Chemistry 127, 192-198.

Cai, W.-J., Hu, X., Huang, W.-J., Murrell, M.C., Lehrter, J.C., Lohrenz, S.E., Chou, W.-C., Zhai, W., Hollibaugh, J.T., Wang, Y., Zhao, P., Guo, X., Gundersen, K., Dai, M. and Gong., G.-C., 2011. Acidification of subsurface coastal waters enhanced by eutrophication. Nature Geoscience, 4, 766-770.

Hu, X., Cai, W.-J., Wang, Y., Guo, X. and Luo, S., 2011. Geochemical environments of continental shelf-upper slope sediments in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 312 265-277.

Hu. X and Cai, W.-J., 2011. An assessment of ocean margin anaerobic processes on oceanic alkalinity budget. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, GB3003, doi:10.1029/2010GB003859.

Jiang, L.-Q., Cai, W.-J., Feely, R.A., Wang, Y., Guo, X., Gledhill, D.K., Hu, X., Arzayus, F., Chen, F., Hartmann, J. and Zhange, L., 2010. Carbonate mineral saturation states along the U.S. southeastern coast. Limnology and Oceanography, 55 2424-2432.

Burdige, D.J., Hu, X. and Zimmerman, R.C., 2010. The widespread occurrence of carbonate dissolution and reprecipitation in Bahamas Bank sediments. American Journal of Science, 310, 492-521.

Cai, W.-J., Hu, X., Huang, W.-J., Jiang, L.-Q., Wang, Y., Peng, T.-H. and Zhang, X., 2010. Surface ocean alkalinity distribution in the western North Atlantic Ocean margins. Journal Geophysical Research - Oceans, 115, C08014, doi:10.1029/2009JC005482.

Cai, W.-J., Chen, L., Chen, B., Gao, Z., Lee, S.H., Chen, J., Pierrot, D., Sullivan, K., Wang, Y., Hu, X., Huang, W.-J., Zhang, Y., Xu, S., Murata, A., Grebmeier, J.M., Jones, E.P. and Zhang, H., 2010. Decrease in the CO2 uptake capacity in an ice-free Arctic Ocean basin. Science, 329, 556-559.

Hu, X., Cai, W.-J., Wang, Y., Luo, S. and Guo, X., 2010. Pore-water geochemistry of two contrasting brine-charged seep sites in the northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope. Marine Chemistry, 118, 99-107.

Jiang, L.-Q., Cai, W.-J., Wang, Y., Diaz, J., Yager, P. and Hu, X., 2009. Pelagic community respiration on the continental shelf off Georgia, USA. Biogeochemistry, 98, 101-113.

Hu, X. and Burdige, D.J., 2008. Shallow marine carbonate dissolution and early diagenesis—Implications from an incubation study. Journal of Marine Research, 66, 489-527.

Burdige, D.J., Zimmerman, R.C. and Hu, X., 2008. Rates of carbonate dissolution in permeable sediments estimated from pore water profiles: the role of seagrasses. Limnology and Oceanography, 53, 549-565.

Hu, X. and Burdige, D.J., 2007. Enriched stable carbon isotopes in the pore waters of carbonate sediments dominated by seagrasses: evidence for coupled carbonate dissolution and reprecipitation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 71, 129-144.

Refereed Non-Journal Publications

Hu, X. and Yin, H., 2025. Physical and Biogeochemical Conditions and Trends in Texas Estuaries. In: P.A. Montagna and A.R. Douglas (Editors), Freshwater Inflows to Texas Bays and Estuaries: A Regional-Scale Review, Synthesis, and Recommendations. Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, pp. 205-220.  

O’Connell, K., Nuttall, M.F., Blakeway1, R.D., Hannum, R., Johnston, M., Eisenbach, O., French, D., Hu, X., Schmahl, G.P. and Sinclair, J., 2024. Stetson Bank Long-Term Monitoring: 2022 Annual Report. National Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series ONMS-24-01. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, Galveston, TX, pp. 55.

Blakeway, R.D., O’Connell, K., Nuttall, M.F., Hannum, R., Johnston, M.A., Hu, X., Hickerson, E.L., Schmahl, G.P. and Sinclair, J., 2022. Stetson Bank long-term monitoring: 2020 and 2021 annual report. National Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series ONMS-22-02. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, Galveston, TX. 26 pp.

Galavotti, H., Vasslides, J., Bohlen, C., Hunt, C.W., Liebman, M., Hu, X., McCutcheon, M.R., Ammerman, J., O’Donnell, J., Howard-Strobel, K., Vella, P., Lehrter, J., Nielsen, K., Largier, J., Ford, T., Steele, A., Yates, K.K., Johnson, Y., Brown, C., Pacella, S.R., 2021. Measuring coastal acidification using in situ sensors in the National Estuary Program. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D. C., Document No. EPA-842-R-21001.

Johnston, M.A., O’Connell, K., Blakeway, R.D., MacMillan, J., Nuttall, M.F., Hu, X., Embesi, J.A., Hickerson, E.L. and Schmahl, G.P., 2021. Long-Term Monitoring at East and West Flower Garden Banks: 2019 Annual Report. Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series ONMS-21-02. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, Galveston, TX. 88 pp.

Nuttall, M.F., Blakeway, R., MacMillan, J., Sterne, T., O’Connell, K., Hu, X., Embesi, J.A., Hickerson, E.L., Johnston, M.A., Schmahl, G.P., and Sinclair, J., 2020. Stetson Bank Long-term Monitoring: 20152018 Synthesis Report. National Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series ONMS-21-01. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, Silver Spring, MD. 165 pp.

Wang, H. and Hu, X., 2020. Multidecadal variations of sea surface CO2 fugacity (fCO2) in the Oyashio Current-influenced ocean margin. In: C.-T.A. Chen and X. Guo (Editors), Changing Asia Pacific Marginal Seas. Springer. pp. 245-263.

Johnston, M.A., Blakeway, R.D., O’Connell, K., MacMillan, J., Nuttall, M.F., Hu, X., Embesi, J.A., Hickerson, E.L. and Schmahl, G.P., 2020. Long-Term Monitoring at East and West Flower Garden Banks: 2018 Annual Report. National Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series ONMS-20-09. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, Galveston, TX. 124 pp.

Hu, X., 2019. Ocean acidification studies in the Gulf of Mexico: Current status and future research needs. In: L. McKinney, M. Besonen and K. Withers (Editors), Proceedings: The Gulf of Mexico Workshop on International Research. U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, New Orleans, LA, pp. 97-110.

Nuttall, M.F., Blakeway, R.D., MacMillan, J., O’Connell, K., Hu, X., Embesi, J.A., Hickerson, E.L., Johnston, M.A., Schmahl, G.P. and Sinclair, J., 2019. Stetson Bank Long-Term Monitoring: 2018 Annual Report. National Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series ONMS-19-05. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, Galveston, TX. 43pp.

Windham-Myers, L., Cai, W.-J., Alin, S. R., Andersson, A., Crosswell, J., Dunton, K. H., Hernandez-Ayon, J. M., Herrmann, M., Hinson, A. L., Hopkinson, C.S., Howard, J., Hu, X., Knox, S.H., Kroeger, K., Lagomasino, D., Megonigal, P., Najjar, R.G., Paulsen, M.-L., Peteet, D., Pidgeon, E., Schäfer, K.V.R., Tzortziou, M., Wang, Z.A. and Watson, E.B., 2018: Chapter 15: Tidal wetlands and estuaries. In Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR2): A Sustained Assessment Report [Cavallaro, N., G. Shrestha, R. Birdsey, M. A. Mayes, R. G. Najjar, S. C. Reed, P. Romero-Lankao, and Z. Zhu (eds.)]. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 596-648.

Fennel, K., Alin, S.R., Barbero, L., Evans, W., Bourgeois, T., Cooley, S.R., Dunne, J., Feely, R.A., Hernandez-Ayon, J.M., Hu, C., Hu, X., Lohrenz, S.E., Muller-Karger, F., Najjar, R.G., Robbins, L., Russell, J., Shadwick, E.H., Siedlecki, S., Steiner, N., Turk, D., Vlahos, P. and Wang, Z.A., 2018: Chapter 16: Coastal ocean and continental shelves. In Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR2): A Sustained Assessment Report [Cavallaro, N., G. Shrestha, R. Birdsey, M. A. Mayes, R. G. Najjar, S. C. Reed, P. Romero-Lankao, and Z. Zhu (eds.)]. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 649-688.

Johnston, M.A., Sterne, T.K., Blakeway, R.D., MacMillan, J., Nuttall, M.F., Hu, X., Embesi, J.A., Hickerson, E.L. and Schmahl, G.P., 2018. Long-Term Monitoring at East and West Flower Garden Banks: 2017 Annual Report. Marine Sanctuaries Cons ervation Series ONMS-18-02. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, Galveston, TX. 124 pp.

Nuttall, M.F., Blakeway, R.D., MacMillan, J., Sterne, T.K., Hu, X., Embesi, J.A., Hickerson, E.L., Johnston, M.A., Schmahl, G.P. and Sinclair. J., 2018. Stetson Bank Long-Term Monitoring: 2017 Annual Report. National Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series ONMS-19-03. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, Galveston, TX. 94pp.

Nuttall, M.F., Sterne, T.K., Eckert, R.J., Hu, X., Sinclair, J., Hickerson, E.L., Embesi, J.A., Johnston, M.J. and Schmahl. G.P., 2018. Stetson Bank Long Term Monitoring: 2016 Annual Report. Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series ONMS 19-02. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, Galveston, TX. 78 pp.

Johnston, M.A., Eckert, R.J., Sterne, T.K., Nuttall, M.F., Hu, X., Embesi, J.A., Hickerson, E.L. and Schmahl, G.P., 2017. Long-Term Monitoring at East and West Flower Garden Banks: 2016 Annual Report. Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series ONMS-17-09. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, Galveston, TX. 132 pp.

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